National Networks represent the fundamental infrastructure for the continuous and systematic monitoring of the Italian territory. Distributed extensively from north to south, these networks are composed of hundreds of technologically advanced measurement stations that continuously acquire essential data for the Earth Sciences.
Thanks to the enhancement initiatives of the PNRR MEET project, these infrastructures have been modernized and integrated, ensuring a flow of high-quality, precise, and reliable observational data (DPL 0-1). This data forms the indispensable foundation upon which the scientific community builds analyses, models, and higher-level scientific products (DPL 2-3), contributing to surveillance, research, and the mitigation of natural hazards.
The IPSES platform provides federated access to the data generated by the following types of national networks.
Seismic Network
The Seismic Network, integrated with multiple regional and temporary networks, constitutes the primary system for recording earthquakes throughout the national territory. The seismic stations, equipped with seismometers, detect even the slightest ground vibrations, generating the waveforms (raw data, DPL-0) that allow for the location of seismic events, the determination of their magnitude, and the study of their source mechanisms. These data are essential for real-time seismic monitoring, active tectonics studies, and research into the deep structure of the Earth.
Accelerometric Network
Complementary to the seismic network, the Accelerometric Network is specifically designed to measure the strong ground accelerations generated by higher-magnitude earthquakes, without instrument saturation. Accelerometric data is crucial for seismic engineering, for assessing expected ground shaking (shake maps), and for defining anti-seismic building codes, providing direct information on the impact of earthquakes on structures and infrastructures.
Hydrogeochemical Network
This network monitors the physico-chemical variations of fluids in the subsurface, such as groundwater and gases. Parameters like temperature, electrical conductivity, and chemical composition can be sensitive to crustal deformations and processes related to tectonic and volcanic activity. The hydrogeochemical network provides a continuous baseline of observational data that, when integrated with geophysical data, offers a unique perspective on processes occurring at depth.
Geodetic Network (GNSS)
The Geodetic Network, based on GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) technology, measures surface displacements with millimeter-level precision. The GNSS stations, distributed across the territory, record data that allow for the quantification of crustal deformation fields, the movement of tectonic plates, and the accumulation of stress along active faults. This data is essential for modeling seismogenic processes and for studying geodynamics on a regional and global scale.