Aerospace Networks represent a strategic infrastructure that extends the observational capabilities of Earth Sciences from the ground into space. Unlike terrestrial networks, these are not composed of point sensors but of complex systems for the acquisition, processing, and distribution of data remotely sensed from satellite and aerial platforms. This synoptic perspective is fundamental for monitoring large-scale phenomena and for integrating the point measurements acquired on the ground.
The core of this infrastructure is the Platform for Earth Observation from Space (PEOS), developed within the PNRR MEET project. PEOS acts as a technological hub to support the transformation of raw data acquired by satellite and airborne platforms (as well as terrestrial networks oriented on observing the circumterrestrial space) into advanced scientific products with high informational value (DPL 2-3), making them accessible and interoperable through IPSES.
The activities of the Aerospace Networks are focused on two main domains.
Earth Observation
This sector is dedicated to monitoring the Earth’s surface, oceans, and atmosphere using satellite sensors that operate in various bands of the electromagnetic spectrum (optical, infrared, microwave - SAR). Earth observation is crucial for studying a wide range of geodynamic and environmental processes.
The data and products generated allow for:
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Measuring deformations of the Earth’s surface with centimeter-level precision, for studying seismic cycles and volcanic activity.
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Mapping and characterizing volcanic emissions, such as ash and gas clouds (SO₂), which are fundamental for mitigating aviation risk.
- Mapping the effects caused by seismic events or volcanic eruptions, such as earthquake damage and pyroclastic flows
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Detecting thermal anomalies associated with lava flows or fumarolic activity.
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Analyzing environmental changes and the impact of natural hazards on the territory.
Space Weather
Space Weather deals with monitoring the physical conditions of the near-Earth space environment, particularly solar activity and its interactions with the Earth’s ionosphere and magnetosphere. These phenomena can have a significant impact on modern technological infrastructures.
Monitoring and modeling activities in this field are vital for:
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Predicting and mitigating the effects of ionospheric disturbances on satellite navigation systems (GNSS), improving the accuracy and reliability of positioning.
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Providing surveillance services for the safety of air navigation, as required by international standards (ICAO).
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Studying the coupling between the lithosphere and the atmosphere, investigating possible precursor signals of geophysical events.
Aerospace Networks, supported by powerful ground-based computing and storage infrastructures, provide a unique and complementary perspective, essential for an integrated approach to the study of the Earth System.